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The Ramble and Lake
The Ramble and Lake is a main feature of Central Park in New York City. Part of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux's "Greensward" plan (1857), The Ramble was intended as a woodland walk through highly varied topography, a "wild garden" away from carriage drives and bridle paths, to be wandered in, or to be viewed as a "natural" landscape from the formal lakefront setting of Bethesda Terrace (''illustration below'') or from rented rowboats on the Lake. The Ramble embraces the deep coves of the north shore of the Lake, excavated between bands of bedrock; it offers dense naturalistic planting, rocky outcrops of glacially scarred Manhattan bedrock, small open glades, and an artificial stream (The Gill) that empties through the Azalea Pond, then down a cascade into the Lake. Its ground rises northwards towards Vista Rock, crowned by Belvedere Castle, a lookout and eye-catching folly.〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Central Park Conservancy )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Central Park Conservancy )〕
==Geography==
The Park's most varied and intricately planted landscape was planted with native trees— tupelo (''Nyssa sylvatica''); American sycamore; white, red, black, scarlet, and willow oaks; Hackberry; and ''Liriodendron'' — together with some American trees never native to the area, such as Kentucky coffee tree, yellowwood, and cucumber magnolia, and a few exotics, such as ''Phellodendron'' and ''Sophora''. Smaller natives include sassafras. Aggressively self-seeding black cherry and black locust have come to dominate the Ramble. A 1979 census of The Rambles' trees, taken by Bruce Kelly, Philip Winslow, and James Marston Fitch, found 6000 trees, including 60 specimen trees of landscape value.
The Lake unified what Calvert Vaux called the "irregular disconnected featureless conglomeration of ground".〔Quoted in Rosenzweig and Blackmar 1992:132〕 It was excavated, entirely by hand, from unprepossessing swampy ground transected by drainage ditches and ramshackle stone walls.〔 (Photograph)〕 Through the low-lying site the Sawkill flowed sluggishly from sources under the present American Museum of Natural History and in the prospective park south of Seneca Village, originally exiting the park under Fifth Avenue about East 74th Street, where Conservatory Water lies today, on its way to the East River.〔 (Egbert Viele's 1856 survey forms the "Pre_Park Site, 1857" map)〕 To create the Lake the outlet was dammed with a broad, curving earth dam, which carries the East Carriage Drive past the Kerbs Boathouse (1954), at the end of the Lake's eastern arm, so subtly that few visitors are aware of the landform's function. After six month's intensive effort, the Lake was ready in the winter of 1858 for its first season of ice-skating. Its center was seven feet deep, with terraced shorelines to lower levels for skaters' safety. Originally, in other seasons a tour boat picked up and dropped visitors at five landings with rustic shelters: four have been rebuilt, and rowboats are rented at the boathouse.
Overlooking the Lake at the rocky promontory that Olmsted called The Hernshead (translation: heron's head) stands the Ladies' Pavilion, a wrought iron shelter in a playful gothic style. It provides a classic atmospheric view, changing with light and weather, of Midtown skyscrapers rising from a belt of trees, with the Lake as foreground. The Ladies' Pavilion was built, probably to designs of Calvert Vaux, to shelter ladies waiting to change streetcars at the Columbus Circle corner of the park. When the ''Maine Monument'' was installed on its site, the cast-iron elements were disassembled and stored, to be re-erected on the Hernshead in the 1950s. The Ladies' Pavilion was almost lost to rust and vandalism when it was restored in 1979 as a project funded by Arthur Ross,〔The Arthur Ross Pinetum stands northwest of the Great Lawn's oval.〕 one of the first projects in the restoration of Central Park.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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